It is a condition of non-conception even after 1-2 years of regular unprotected sex. Infertility in Males—It is the inability of the male to provide functional sperm due to low volume of ejaculate, small numbers of sperm, defective or non-functional sperm, low fructose content, and high viscosity of ejaculate.

• The condition of near absence of sperms is- azospermioa
•  Low sperm count as-oligospermia
•  Low sperm motility as- asthenozoospermia
• While the condition  of defective  sperm  morphology  is known  as teratozoospermia

•        It is caused by failure of testes to descend in scrotum (cryptorchidism), hyperthermia, and blockage of ducts, infection, alcoholism and genetic defects. Male infertility is treated through cold scrotal bath, nonuse of alcohol and certain medicines.

•        Infertility cases either due to inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm, low sperm counts in the ejaculates, could be corrected by artificial insemination (AI) technique. In these techniques, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI- intra uterine insemination) of the female.

Infertility in Females It is the inability of female to provide a functional ovum inside the fallopian tube and the passage of sperm to it for fertilization. Anovulation is nonovulation

while oligoovulation is deficient ovulation due to ovarian cysts or defective hormonal balance

Attribution:  "Science and Technology" by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Unit: 05, Page No: 55 - 71