Course Glossary

refers to traits, behaviours, and roles traditionally associated with being male. These may include strength, assertiveness, independence, rationality, and dominance. Boys and men are often socialised to suppress emotions, take leadership roles, and avoid anything seen as "feminine."

A kinship system where descent is traced through the female line.

A period in United States history during the early 1950s, marked by heightened political repression and a campaign led by Senator Joseph McCarthy against alleged communists in government, academia, and the entertainment industry. The era was also characterized by the "Lavender Scare," during which LGBTQ+ individuals were targeted and purged from government jobs due to perceived security risks, reinforcing stigma and institutional discrimination against queer communities.

Medicalization consists of defining a problem in medical terms, using medical language to describe a problem, adopting a medical framework to understand a problem, or using a medical intervention to “treat” it”

In contrast to women’s symbolic roles, men were often cast of the Nation as the “protectors” of the nation, responsible for defending its sovereignty through physical strength, leadership, and political action. Nationalism often goes hand in hand with militarization, as it ties masculinity to the idea of defending the nation, creating pressure on men to conform to rigid gender roles. For example, in many countries, military service is seen as a rite of passage for men, while women are excluded or relegated to provide supportive roles. This not only reinforces gender inequality but also perpetuates violence and conflict. This idea of masculinity as tied to bravery and sacrifice has been central to nationalist discourses, particularly during wars and revolutions.

An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, 16(1), 145. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 9. Punwani, J. (2014). Myths and Prejudices about “Love Jihad.” Economic and Political Weekly, 49(42), 12–15. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24480870 10. Sharmila Rege. (1998). Dalit Women Talk Differently: A Critique of “Difference” and Towards a Dalit Feminist Standpoint Position. Economic and Political Weekly, 33(44), WS39–WS46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4407323 - U.

Women from Mexico who experience intersecting struggles related to gender, race, class, and migration. They have been central to labour movements, feminist activism, and indigenous rights struggles while facing gender-based violence, economic exploitation, and racial discrimination, particularly in the context of migration and border politics.

Orient Longman, 1992. pp.183-190. 3. Bandhu, P (2003), “Dalit Women’s Cry for Liberation: My rights are rising like the sun, will you deny this sunrise?" in Anupama Rao (ed). Gender and Caste: Issues in

A phrase derived from Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, referring to how Black women, especially in the American South, have historically been burdened with physical labour and both racial and gendered oppression, carrying the weight of societal expectations and labor without recognition or respect.