Hormones, Vitamins and Enzymes role in health
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You can learn Hormones, Vitamins and Enzymes roles in health
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After completing this unit, You will be able to :
- explain the types Vitamins and its uses
- appreciate the hormones and its functions
- describe the role of enzymes
1. Hormones
1.9. Table . Endocrine Glands and their Associated Hormones
| Endocrine Gland | Associated Hormones | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamus | releasing and inhibiting hormones | regulate hormone release from pituitary gland; produce oxytocin; produce uterine contractions and milk secretion in females |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | water reabsorption from kidneys; vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure | |
| Pituitary (Anterior) | growth hormone (GH) | promotes growth of body tissues, protein synthesis; metabolic functions |
| prolactin (PRL) | promotes milk production | |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates thyroid hormone release | |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates hormone release by adrenal cortex, glucocorticoids | |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates gamete production (both ova and sperm); secretion of estradiol | |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | stimulates androgen production by gonads; ovulation, secretion of progesterone | |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | stimulates melanocytes of the skin increasing melanin pigment production. | |
| Pituitary (Posterior) | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys |
| oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; milk ejection; stimulates ductus deferens and prostate gland contraction during emission | |
| Thyroid | thyroxine, triiodothyronine | stimulate and maintain metabolism; growth and development |
| calcitonin | reduces blood Ca2+ levels | |
| Parathyroid | parathyroid hormone (PTH) | increases blood Ca2+ levels |
| Adrenal (Cortex) | aldosterone | increases blood Na+ levels; increase K+ secretion |
| cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone | increase blood glucose levels; anti-inflammatory effects | |
| Adrenal (Medulla) | epinephrine, norepinephrine | stimulate fight-or-flight response; increase blood gluclose levels; increase metabolic activities |
| Pancreas | insulin | reduces blood glucose levels |
| glucagon | increases blood glucose levels | |
| Pineal gland | melatonin | regulates some biological rhythms and protects CNS from free radicals |
| Testes | androgens | regulate, promote, increase or maintain sperm production; male secondary sexual characteristics |
| Ovaries | estrogen | promotes uterine lining growth; female secondary sexual characteristics |
| progestins | promote and maintain uterine lining growth |